{"id":8505,"date":"2026-09-10T13:56:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T06:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=8505"},"modified":"2026-09-11T00:36:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T17:36:46","slug":"mang-may-tinh-vnu","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/tai-lieu\/mang-may-tinh-vnu\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU \u2013 \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (File DOCX)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\ud83d\udcd8 M\u1ea0NG M\u00c1Y T\u00cdNH VNU \u2013 \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N TR\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6M \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC QU\u1ed0C GIA H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc41 XEM TR\u01af\u1edaC 20\u201330% N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330% n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udce5 NH\u1eacN FILE DOCX \u0110\u1ea6Y \u0110\u1ee6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi thanh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i file DOCX \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00f4n thi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcb3 THANH TO\u00c1N QUA VNPAY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thanh to\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n qua VNPAY. Sau khi giao d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udfaf \u00d4N \u0110\u00daNG TR\u1eccNG T\u00c2M \u2013 TRA C\u1ee8U NHANH \u2013 TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M TH\u1edcI GIAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh vi\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcda M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng, giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, TCP\/IP, Ethernet, m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Internet.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e0 so\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c thi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2705 T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U H\u1ed6 TR\u1ee2:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m theo t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh theo t\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 TCP\/IP.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d4n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, subnet mask v\u00e0 chia m\u1ea1ng con.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 TCP, UDP, DNS, HTTP, DHCP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcc4 FILE DOCX THU\u1eacN TI\u1ec6N S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng DOCX, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhanh t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>Tra c\u1ee9u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng Microsoft Word ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 DOCX.<\/li>\n<li>Ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n \u00f4n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d4n t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n khi c\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udf93 T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U PH\u00d9 H\u1ee2P V\u1edaI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1eefa k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c thi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd0e T\u1eea KH\u00d3A LI\u00caN QUAN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VNU<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<li>tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (File DOCX).<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc41 Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330% n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcb3 Thanh to\u00e1n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n qua VNPAY.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udce5 Nh\u1eadn file DOCX \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 sau khi thanh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":8481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"product_brand":[314],"product_cat":[50,51,134,24,46],"product_tag":[5452,5463,5453,5454,5455,5456,4642,5457,5431,5458,5448,5459,5449,5460,5450,5461,5451,5462],"class_list":["post-8505","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_brand-docx247-com","product_cat-dap-an-trac-nghiem","product_cat-cong-nghe-thong-tin","product_cat-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_cat-ky-thuat-cong-nghe","product_cat-de-cuong-on-tap-de-thi","product_tag-dap-an-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-trac-nghiem-mon-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-trac-nghiem-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-dap-an-trac-nghiem-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-trac-nghiem-mon-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-vnu","product_tag-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi-dap-an","product_tag-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-mon-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-dap-an-mon-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-mang-may-tinh-vnu-dap-an","product_tag-dap-an-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-mon-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-trac-nghiem-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","product_tag-dap-an-mon-mang-may-tinh-vnu","product_tag-dap-an-trac-nghiem-mang-may-tinh-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-ha-noi","first","instock","downloadable","virtual","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"acf":{"document_info":{"filetype":"docx","page_count":"463","other_info":[{"title":"Lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u","description":"\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m"},{"title":"D\u00e0nh cho","description":"Sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (VNU)"},{"title":"\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u","description":"DOCX"},{"title":"Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc","description":"Kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330% n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u"},{"title":"Thanh to\u00e1n","description":"VNPAY"},{"title":"Ngu\u1ed3n","description":"DOCX247.COM"}]},"document_demo":8507,"additional_content":"<h2>M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU \u2013 N\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/h2>\r\nM\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.\r\n\r\nM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch Internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau.\r\n\r\nC\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, TCP\/IP, Ethernet, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, subnet, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, TCP, UDP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.\r\n\r\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh vi\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\r\n<h3>1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nM\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.\r\n\r\nVi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng.\r\n<h3>2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p g\u1ed3m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>PAN.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>LAN.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>WLAN.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MAN.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>WAN.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Internet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng.\r\n\r\nLAN th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng m\u00e1y, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, trong khi WAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.\r\n<h3>3. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Client \u2013 Server.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Peer-to-Peer.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nVi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.\r\n<h3>4. Topology m\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng topology th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ed3m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Bus.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Star.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ring.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mesh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tree.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hybrid.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eebng topology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nM\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh sao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ea1ng LAN hi\u1ec7n nay do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.\r\n<h3>5. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/h3>\r\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI g\u1ed3m 7 t\u1ea7ng:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Physical.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Data Link.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Network.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Transport.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Session.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Presentation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Application.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>T\u00ean t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o.\r\n<h3>6. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac TCP\/IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng Internet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng Transport.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng Application.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa TCP\/IP v\u00e0 OSI.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTCP\/IP l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\r\n\r\nVi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 TCP\/IP l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.\r\n<h3>7. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Data.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Segment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Packet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Frame.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Encapsulation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Decapsulation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nKhi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung theo t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng.\r\n\r\n\u1ede thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u.\r\n<h3>8. T\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u2013 Physical Layer<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Truy\u1ec1n bit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1p xo\u1eafn \u0111\u00f4i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee5c.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1p quang.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\r\n<h3>9. T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2013 Data Link Layer<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Frame.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy nh\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ethernet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a switch.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nT\u1ea7ng Data Link ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n frame gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng.\r\n<h3>10. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unicast MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Broadcast MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Multicast MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC v\u00e0 Ethernet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n frame \u1edf m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.\r\n<h3>11. Ethernet<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ethernet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ethernet frame.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MAC source.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MAC destination.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ethernet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Collision.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Broadcast domain.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a switch trong Ethernet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEthernet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng LAN ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.\r\n\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Ethernet s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n frame t\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch.\r\n<h3>12. Hub, Bridge v\u00e0 Switch<\/h3>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hub.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bridge.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Switch.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MAC Address Table.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Collision domain.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Broadcast domain.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSwitch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng MAC \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n frame \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang c\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\r\n<h3>13. T\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng \u2013 Network Layer<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Packet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 logic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Router.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nT\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00edch ngay c\u1ea3 khi hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.\r\n<h3>14. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/h3>\r\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU.\r\n\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac IPv4.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 32 bit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Network portion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Host portion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 broadcast.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Private IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Public IP.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1n cho host.\r\n<h3>15. Subnet Mask<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m subnet mask.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Network bit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Host bit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>CIDR notation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Prefix length.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh network address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh broadcast address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh host range.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSubnet mask gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.\r\n<h3>16. Chia m\u1ea1ng con \u2013 Subnetting<\/h3>\r\nSubnetting l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.\r\n\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Chia m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u subnet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 subnet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 host.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Network address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Broadcast address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Host \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Host cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Prefix CIDR.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.\r\n<h3>17. IPv6<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>L\u00fd do xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n IPv6.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 128 bit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n IPv6.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>R\u00fat g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unicast.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Multicast.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Anycast.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Link-local address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>So s\u00e1nh IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIPv6 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a IPv4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\r\n<h3>18. ARP<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ARP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ARP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ARP Request.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ARP Reply.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ARP Cache.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nARP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.\r\n<h3>19. ICMP<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ICMP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ping.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Echo Request.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Echo Reply.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>TTL.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nICMP th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng.\r\n<h3>20. Router v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/h3>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a router.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Routing table.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Next hop.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Default route.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Static routing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dynamic routing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Forwarding packet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nRouter c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n packet gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng IP kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn.\r\n<h3>21. \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Static route.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dynamic route.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Routing protocol.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng khi topology thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u0129nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, trong khi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.\r\n<h3>22. T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn \u2013 Transport Layer<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng Transport.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gh\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Port number.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Multiplexing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>TCP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>UDP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nT\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.\r\n<h3>23. TCP<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Transmission Control Protocol.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Connection-oriented.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reliable transmission.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sequence number.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Acknowledgment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flow control.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Retransmission.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Three-way handshake.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Port number.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTCP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.\r\n<h3>24. UDP<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>User Datagram Protocol.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Connectionless.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u01b0 TCP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Overhead th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Port number.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi UDP.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 TCP v\u00e0 UDP v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.\r\n<h3>25. Port v\u00e0 Socket<\/h3>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Source port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Destination port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Well-known port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Registered port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dynamic port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Socket.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa IP v\u00e0 port.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPort gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\r\n<h3>26. T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed3m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DNS.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HTTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HTTPS.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>FTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>SMTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>POP3.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IMAP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DHCP.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong Internet.\r\n<h3>27. DNS<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Domain Name System.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Domain name.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IP address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DNS server.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DNS query.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi DNS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nDNS gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.\r\n<h3>28. HTTP v\u00e0 HTTPS<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>HTTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HTTPS.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Client.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Web server.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Request.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Response.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i HTTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a HTTPS trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd giao ti\u1ebfp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.\r\n<h3>29. DHCP<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed3m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DHCP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DHCP Server.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DHCP Client.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Subnet mask.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Default gateway.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DNS server.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lease time.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nDHCP gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng.\r\n<h3>30. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h3>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>SMTP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>POP3.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IMAP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>G\u1eedi th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nh\u1eadn th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nC\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd email.\r\n<h3>31. NAT<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Network Address Translation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Private IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Public IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Static NAT.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dynamic NAT.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>PAT.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a NAT.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa NAT v\u00e0 IPv4.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNAT cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang truy c\u1eadp Internet th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.\r\n<h3>32. M\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Wireless LAN.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Wi-Fi.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Access Point.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>SSID.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>K\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nhi\u1ec5u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Wi-Fi.\r\n<h3>33. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Confidentiality.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Integrity.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Availability.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Authentication.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Authorization.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Malware.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Phishing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Spoofing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DoS v\u00e0 DDoS.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Firewall.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p qua m\u1ea1ng.\r\n<h3>34. Firewall<\/h3>\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m firewall.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Quy t\u1eafc truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Firewall tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Firewall m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vai tr\u00f2 trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFirewall l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t.\r\n<h3>35. C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\r\nSinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>ping.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ipconfig ho\u1eb7c ifconfig.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>tracert ho\u1eb7c traceroute.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>nslookup.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>netstat.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>arp.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nC\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i tin v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.\r\n<h2>C\u00e1ch \u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: H\u1ecdc theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 TCP\/IP<\/h3>\r\nN\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m khung \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.\r\n\r\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nKhi h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o.\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m<\/h3>\r\n\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hub v\u00e0 Switch.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Switch v\u00e0 Router.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MAC v\u00e0 IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>TCP v\u00e0 UDP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DNS v\u00e0 DHCP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Static Routing v\u00e0 Dynamic Routing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Private IP v\u00e0 Public IP.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nVi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u00fap ghi nh\u1edb nhanh h\u01a1n.\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Luy\u1ec7n IPv4 v\u00e0 Subnetting<\/h3>\r\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.\r\n\r\nH\u00e3y luy\u1ec7n:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Network address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Broadcast address.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Host range.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Prefix.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>S\u1ed1 host.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>S\u1ed1 subnet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSubnetting l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: T\u1ef1 l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/h3>\r\n\u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\r\n\r\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u sai<\/h3>\r\nSau khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i, chia th\u00e0nh:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e2u sai.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e2u c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e2u c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e2u c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nC\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu.\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd do tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai<\/h3>\r\nKi\u1ec3m tra xem m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u1ea7m:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>T\u1ea7ng OSI.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Giao th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MAC.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Port.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c subnetting.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n.\r\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\r\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Slide b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>B\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nVi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.\r\n<h2>Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/h2>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330% n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\r\n\r\nPh\u1ea7n xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>D\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFile preview \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tool t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:\r\n\r\nmang-may-tinh-VNU-preview.docx\r\n<h2>T\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/h2>\r\nQuy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330% n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thanh to\u00e1n qua VNPAY.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i file DOCX \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\ud83d\udce5 Sau khi thanh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.\r\n\r\n<strong>\ud83d\udc49 NH\u1ea4N \u201cT\u1ea2I XU\u1ed0NG NGAY\u201d \u0110\u1ec2 NH\u1eacN FILE \u0110\u1ea6Y \u0110\u1ee6.<\/strong>\r\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/h2>\r\n\u2705 Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m theo t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.\r\n\r\n\u2705 Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n.\r\n\r\n\u2705 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 OSI v\u00e0 TCP\/IP.\r\n\r\n\u2705 C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 IPv4 v\u00e0 subnetting.\r\n\r\n\u2705 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.\r\n\r\n\u2705 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 TCP, UDP, DNS, HTTP v\u00e0 DHCP.\r\n\r\n\u2705 C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn.\r\n\r\n\u2705 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu.\r\n\r\n\u2705 Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\r\n\r\n\u2705 File DOCX thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 tra c\u1ee9u.\r\n\r\n\u2705 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\r\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ai?<\/h2>\r\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sinh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c thi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>L\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\r\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00f4n thi.\r\n\r\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.\r\n\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc n\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.\r\n\r\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.\r\n\r\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 subnetting, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.\r\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU<\/h2>\r\nM\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh VNU \u2013 \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (File DOCX) l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh vi\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\r\n\r\nC\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, TCP\/IP, Ethernet, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, subnetting, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, TCP, UDP, DNS, HTTP, DHCP, m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.\r\n\r\nVi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.\r\n\r\n\ud83d\udc41 Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330% n\u1ed9i dung.\r\n\r\n\ud83d\udcb3 Thanh to\u00e1n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n qua VNPAY.\r\n\r\n\ud83d\udce5 Nh\u1eadn file DOCX \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 sau khi thanh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/8505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8505"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=8505"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=8505"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docx247.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=8505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}